The Call for a New Cannabis Classification

The cannabis industry, booming with a global worth estimated at $65 billion, offers consumers an ever-expanding array of choices, with over 5,000 strains, including uniquely named cultivars like Cat Piss, Purple Monkey Balls, and Gandalf OG. Traditionally, these strains have been divided into two categories: indica, known for its relaxing effects, and sativa, associated with energy and euphoria. However, recent research challenges this binary classification, suggesting that these labels may not accurately reflect the true nature of the cannabis being consumed.

The Myth of Indica and Sativa

The categorization of cannabis into indica and sativa dates back to the 18th century, based on the physical characteristics of the plant. But modern science, led by researchers like Nick Jikomes, former director of science at Leafly, and Alex Pasternack of Binske, reveals that these physical distinctions do not necessarily dictate the effects felt by consumers. "The indica-sativa distinction is heavily misconstrued in the industry," Pasternack explains, noting the misconception that indicas and sativas deliver uniformly sedative or stimulating effects, respectively.

Scientific Insights into Cannabis Classification

The reliance on indica and sativa labels is further complicated by the lack of regulation in strain naming and classification within the cannabis industry. Jikomes points out that growers can arbitrarily name a strain with no obligation to its genetic makeup or chemical profile. This leads to a marketplace where strain names and types might not accurately represent the product.

In a groundbreaking study analyzing over 90,000 cannabis samples, Jikomes found little correlation between a strain’s sativa or indica classification and its THC content or chemical makeup. Similarly, Sean Myles, a researcher from Dalhousie University, found no consistent scientific evidence supporting a distinct difference between the two categories, emphasizing the blurred lines caused by extensive cross-breeding.

A Call for Chemical Classification

Experts now suggest a shift towards classifying cannabis based on its chemical composition rather than its plant type. This system would detail the specific cannabinoids and terpenes present in a strain, providing consumers with more precise information about what to expect from their product. Terpenes like myrcene and limonene play significant roles in influencing a strain's effects and flavors, supporting a more nuanced approach known as the 'entourage effect.'

“Classifying cannabis using terpenes makes sense from a genetics standpoint,” says Myles. He and Jikomes have identified potential classifications based on dominant terpene profiles which correlate more closely with gene expression patterns than the traditional indica or sativa labels.

Consumer Education and Market Trends

Despite the scientific push for more detailed labeling, the simplicity of the indica-sativa classification remains appealing to consumers and retailers for its ease of use. Jikomes acknowledges, "The industry is driven by price point, and the cheapest stuff usually moves in the highest volumes." This market dynamic shows that while experts advocate for sophistication, consumer behavior still leans towards straightforward, cost-effective choices.

Conclusion

The cannabis industry stands at a crossroads between continuing the traditional, albeit oversimplified, indica and sativa categories and moving towards a more accurate, science-based classification system. As research evolves and consumer awareness grows, the industry may yet embrace a new standard that reflects both the complexity of the plant and the nuanced needs of its consumers. Until then, the journey towards understanding cannabis continues to unfold, blending ancient cultivation with modern science.